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Free Programming E-Book: PHP Essentials

Author : Neil Smyth
Publication Date : June 2007

From the Preface:

Any attempt to gauge the popularity of PHP on the internet results in statistics which prove difficult for the human mind to comprehend. As of April 2007 there are an estimated 20 million unique web domains actively using PHP to generate and deliver content. While it is hard to conceptualize 20 million web servers using PHP, it is not hard to infer from this number that PHP has taken the web design and development community by storm since humble beginnings in 1995.

The purpose of this book is bring the power and ease of use of PHP to anyone with a desire to learn PHP, and in doing so, join the tens of thousands of web developers who have already discovered the flexibility and productivity that comes with using PHP.

The book is intended to cover all aspects of PHP. It begins by covering the history of PHP before providing a high level overview of how PHP works and why it is so useful to web developers. It then moves on to cover each area of PHP in detail, from the basics of the scripting language through to object oriented programming, file and filesystem handling and MySQL and SQLite database access. In addition, chapters are also provided covering the creation and handling of HTML based forms and maintaining state using cookies and PHP sessions. All topics are accompanied by extensive real world examples intended to bring theory to life.

Intended Audience:

It is anticipated that the typical reader already has some web based experience at least in terms of understanding the concepts of a web server and creating HTML based content. While prior programming and scripting experience will be beneficial to the reader, this book is designed such that even the non-programmer can quickly get up to speed with PHP.

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Free IT E-Book: Handbook for Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents

Author : Reporters Without Borders
Pages : 88
Publication Date : September 2005

Excerpts from the Introduction:

Blogs get people excited. Or else they disturb and worry them. Some people distrust them. Others see them as the vanguard of a new information revolution. One thing's for sure: they're rocking the foundations of the media in countries as different as the United States, China and Iran.

It's too soon to really know what to think of blogs. We've been reading newspapers, watching TV and listening to the radio for decades now and we've learned how to immediately tell what's news and what's comment, to distinguish a tabloid "human interest" magazine from a serious one and an entertainment programme from a documentary.

We don't have such antennae to figure out blogs. These "online diaries" are even more varied than the mainstream media and it's hard to know which of them is a news site, which a personal forum or one that does serious investigation or one that's presenting junk evidence. It's difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff.

Some bloggers will gradually develop their own ethical standards, to become more credible and win public confidence. But the Internet is still full of unreliable information and people exchanging insults. A blog gives everyone, regardless of education or technical skill, the chance to publish material. This means boring or disgusting blogs will spring up as fast as good and interesting ones.

But blogging is a powerful tool of freedom of expression that has enthused millions of ordinary people. Passive consumers of information have become energetic participants in a new kind of journalism – what US blog pioneer Dan Gillmor calls "grassroots journalism by the people, for the people" (see chapter on "What ethics should bloggers have?").

Bloggers are often the only real journalists in countries where the mainstream media is censored or under pressure. Only they provide independent news, at the risk of displeasing the government and sometimes courting arrest. Plenty of bloggers have been hounded or thrown in prison. One of the contributors to this handbook, Arash Sigarchi, was sentenced to 14 years in jail for posting several messages online that criticised the Iranian regime. His story illustrates how some bloggers see what they do as a duty and a necessity, not just a hobby. They feel they are the eyes and ears of thousands of other Internet users.

Bloggers need to be anonymous when they are putting out information that risks their safety. The cyber-police are watching and have become expert at tracking down "troublemakers." This handbook gives advice on how to post material without revealing who you are ("How to blog anonymously," by Ethan Zuckerman). It's best of course to have the technical skills to be anonymous online, but following a few simple rules can sometimes do the trick. This advice is of course not for those (terrorists, racketeers or pedophiles) who use the Internet to commit crimes. The handbook is simply to help bloggers encountering opposition because of what they write to maintain their freedom of expression.

However, the main problem for a blogger, even under a repressive regime, isn't security. It's about getting the blog known, finding an audience. A blog without any readers won't worry the powers-that-be, but what's the point of it? This handbook makes technical suggestions to make sure a blog gets picked up by the major search-engines (the article by Olivier Andrieu), and gives some more "journalistic" tips about this ("What really makes a blog shine," by Mark Glaser).

Some bloggers face the problem of filtering. Most authoritarian regimes now have the technical means to censor the Internet. In Cuba or Vietnam, you won't be able to access websites that criticise the government or expose corruption or talk about human rights abuses. So-called "illegal" and "subversive" content is automatically blocked by filters. But all bloggers need free access to all sites and to the blogosphere or the content of their blogs will become irrelevant.

The second part of the handbook is about ways to get round filtering ("Choosing circumvention," by Nart Villeneuve). With a bit of common-sense, perseverance and especially by picking the right tools, any blogger should be able to overcome censorship. The handbook has technical advice and tips about how to set up a good blog. But a successful one is harder to ensure. To stand out in the crowd, you must be original and post news or opinions neglected by the mainstream media. In some countries, bloggers are mainly worried about staying out of jail. In others, they try to establish their credibility as a source of reliable information. Not all bloggers have the same problems, but all of them, in their different ways, are on the frontline in the fight for freedom of expression.

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Free Mathematics E-Book: Calculus, Applications and Theory

Author : Kenneth Kuttler, Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University
Pages : 908 pages
Publication Date : May 11, 2007

Excerpts from the Introduction:

Calculus consists of the study of limits of various sorts and the systematic exploitation of the completeness axiom. It was developed by physicists and engineers over a period of several hundred years in order to solve problems from the physical sciences. It is the language by which precision and quantitative predictions for many complicated problems are obtained. It is used to find lengths of curves, areas and volumes of regions which are not bounded by straight lines. It is used to predict and account for the motion of satellites. It is essential in order to solve many maximization problems and it is prerequisite material in order to understand models based on differential equations. These and other applications are discussed to some extent in this book.

It is assumed the reader has a good understanding of algebra on the level of college algebra or what used to be called algebra II along with some exposure to geometry and trigonometry although the book does contain an extensive review of these things. If the optional sections and non standard sections are not included, this book is fairly short. However, there is a lot of non standard material, including the big theorems of advanced calculus.

I have also tried to give complete proofs of all theorems in one variable calculus and to at least give plausibility arguments for those in multiple dimensions with complete proofs given in appendices or optional sections. I have done this because I am sick and tired of books which do not bother to present proofs of the theorems stated. For a serious student, mathematics is not about accepting on faith unproved assertions presumably understood by someone else but "beyond the scope of this book". It has become fashionable to care nothing about such serious students and to write books for the entertainment of those who care nothing for explanations. Serious students will find complete explanations here. Physical models are derived in the usual way through the use of differentials leading to differential equations which are introduced early and used throughout the book as the basis for physical models.

I expect the reader to be able to use a calculator whenever it would be helpful to do so. Some introduction to the use of computer algebra systems is also presented and there are exercises which require the use of some form of technology. Having said this, calculus is not about using calculators or any other form of technology. I believe that when the syntax and arcane notation associated with technology are presented too prominently, these things become the topic of study rather than the concepts of calculus. This is a book on calculus.

Pictures are often helpful in seeing what is going on and there are many pictures in this book for this reason. However, calculus is not about drawing pictures and ultimately rests on logic and definitions. Algebra plays a central role in gaining the sort of understanding which generalizes to higher dimensions where pictures are not available. Therefore, I have emphasized the algebraic aspects of this subject far more than is usual, especially those parts of linear algebra which are essential to understand in order to do multi-variable calculus.

I have also featured the repeated index summation convention and the usual reduction identities which allow one to discover vector identities.

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Free Mathematics E-Book: Multivariable Calculus, Applications and Theory

Author : Kenneth Kuttler, Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University
Pages : 474
Publication Date : October 11, 2006

Excerpts from the Introduction:

Multivariable calculus is just calculus which involves more than one variable. To do it properly, you have to use some linear algebra. Otherwise it is impossible to understand. This book presents the necessary linear algebra and then uses it as a framework upon which to build multivariable calculus. This is not the usual approach in beginning courses but it is the correct approach, leaving open the possibility that at least some students will learn and understand the topics presented. For example, the derivative of a function of many variables is a linear transformation. If you don't know what a linear transformation is, then you can't understand the derivative because that is what it is and nothing else can be correctly substituted for it. The chain rule is best understood in terms of products of matrices which represent the various derivatives. The concepts involving multiple integrals involve determinants. The understandable version of the second derivative test uses eigenvalues, etc.

The purpose of this book is to present this subject in a way which can be understood by a motivated student. Because of the inherent difficulty, any treatment which is easy for the majority of students will not yield a correct understanding. However, the attempt is being made to make it as easy as possible.

Many applications are presented. Some of these are very difficult but worthwhile. Hard sections are starred in the table of contents. Most of these sections are enrichment material and can be omitted if one desires nothing more than what is usually done in a standard calculus class. Stunningly difficult sections having substantial mathematical content are also decorated with a picture of a battle between a dragon slayer and a dragon, the outcome of the contest uncertain. These sections are for fearless students who want to understand the subject more than they want to preserve their egos. Sometimes the dragon wins.

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Study Tips: 10 Tips to pass the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certification exam

American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certification exam is a high stress test given to graduates from Internal medicine residency programs. The Internal medicine recertification exam is given to physicians already in clinical practice, who have been ABIM board certified in the past. This article gives tips on preparing, studying and taking the Internal medicine boards. Although written specifically for ABIM Internal medicine boards, these tips are also useful for Family Practice, Pediatrics, OBGYN, Surgery and other board exams.

• When & How to study for ABIM exam: During your medical residency, schedule time to study for the ABIM Internal medicine boards. The third year (PGY 3) of your residency should be your main time of preparation. Reading alone is usually a bad strategy and often depressing. You may not be able to retain much of the ABIM material that you reviewed alone either. Try to form a study group with other PGY 3 residents who will be taking the same ABIM Internal medicine boards. This will boost every ones morale and give a common sense of purpose. Set a mutually agreeable time for the discussions. The best time to study in a group is over the weekend when none of you have residency obligations. Spending three or four hours every weekend (once a week) is enough to stay focused. Understand what you are studying and the reasons for it. Keep asking yourself the question “why?” and “why not?”
• Study groups: It is crucial that you keep your study group small and stay focused on your ABIM Internal medicine board exam goals. An ideal number would be three or four residents. More than four residents would be counter-productive. Try to have a schedule and read ahead of the planned discussion. By preparing ahead, you will save time, cover more topics and retain more from the discussion. The study group will work best if all participants follow the same board review material. However, different ABIM board review material could also work to your advantage. A good plan is to discuss your ABIM Internal medicine board review study material (Medstudy / Mayo clinic review etc) for the first two hours and then solve multiple choice questions (MKSAP) for the next two hours. Solving multiple-choice questions in groups and discussing each option in detail is vital in developing your thought process and sharpening your clinical decision making skills. You will realize the usefulness of the study group and thank your colleagues when you sit for the actual ABIM Internal medicine boards.
• What to study for ABIM exam: Decide on the ABIM Internal medicine board review material you wish to study from. We have reviewed some commonly used material in this website. The important thing is to choose what works best for you. Choose one ABIM board review textbook and stick to it. It is far more advantageous to revise the same material several times than reading several different materials and getting confused. You must concentrate on solving MKSAP or Medstudy questions at least 50 % of your preparation time.
• Create and devote time to prepare for your ABIM boards. Remember, medical residency is the best time to prepare for the boards. Once your residency is completed, you are thrown out into the real world. If you are starting a fellowship, you will not find much time to study. If you are starting a job as a new physician, your first month will be busy learning the intricate details of medical practice and the paperwork that comes with it. You will most likely, end up designating ten days for study just prior to the exams and as we all know that never works out. So once again, residency is the best time to study. You will not find that kind of quality time after your residency.
• Prepare a schedule to study for ABIM Internal medicine board exams and hang it in a prominent place. You will make several changes to this over time. Plan to revise the ABIM Internal medicine board review material that you have chosen several times (minimum twice). Stay focused throughout the third year of your residency. By middle of the third year, your ABIM Internal medicine board review preparation must be at its peak. If you have not yet formed a study group, now is your last chance.
• Solve questions similar to ABIM exam content: Don’t try to read the ABIM Internal medicine board review material from “cover to cover”. You will not retain much. The best way to prepare is to solve questions, then read the explanation and then look up additional information related to each of the choices (options). This really improves your understanding of the question, familiarizes you with the “teaching principle” and the “testing objective” of that question (which may be repeated in the actual ABIM Internal medicine board exam), and gives you an opportunity to learn about all the other choices and how they differ from the correct answer. Ideally you should be solving MKSAP questions in your second year of residency (PGY 2). If this is not the case, you must definitely begin doing the MKSAP questions by the start of your third year of residency (PGY 3).
• Pictures & Images: Pictures of skin disorders, X-rays and other images given in board questions are generally easy ones to score points. Looking at the image first, before reading the question, usually helps spot the abnormality. Reading the ABIM question’s stem after that will help you put the pieces of the puzzle in place.
• ABIM answering strategies: When reading long multiple choice questions, it may be useful to first read the actual “lead line” of the ABIM Internal medicine board exam question. Once you understand what the question is asking, you can stay focused and look for clues in the long stem of the ABIM exam question. This strategy will also save you time. Several residents have found this strategy useful. As you read through the question, you may also find it useful to underline the key facts and abnormal findings. Once you have gone through the choices, it will be easy to look at the underlined abnormalities and try to “connect the dots”.
• Zebras: Use exam “techniques” to your advantage. Look for target words in ABIM Internal medicine board exam questions. These are referred to as “zebras”. For example in an ABIM exam question, if you see the word “anosmia”, think Kallmann’s syndrome. If you see the phrase “scar on left abdomen”, think splenectomy and look for encapsulated organisms causing sepsis. If the patient is from the Ohio or Mississippi river valleys, think histoplasmosis (CXR calcifications).
• ABIM exam day: Do not study the day before the ABIM Internal medicine boards or in-between the ABIM exam sessions. Discussing the ABIM exam questions with other residents may upset you and adversely affect your performance in the next session. Remember, “What is done, is done”. So don’t cry over spilt milk. Rather, stay focused and conserve your energy for the next ABIM board exam session.
  

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Free Nursing E-Book: Clinical Applications of Nursing Diagnosis: Adult, Child, Women’s Psychiatric, Gerontic & Home Health Considerations

Product Details
»Book Publisher: F. A. Davis Company (15 January, 2002)
»ISBN: 0803609132
»Book author: Mittie D. Hinz, Mary Ann Lubno, Donna Scott-Tilley, Susan A. Newfield, Mary McCarthy Slater, Kathryn L. Sridaromont, Helen C. Cox
»Amazon Rating: 3.5

Product Description

Ingram
An important textbook/reference for teaching clinical thinking and care planning skills. Through the use of Gordon's Functional Health Patterns, the student/clinician is given a conceptual framework for nursing care from assessment through evaluation. This new edition offers a new Gerontic Health section, rationales for all clinical interventions, a section for each diagnosis titled "Related Clinical Concerns," as well as an appendix of major disorders. Instructor's guide is available. Illustrated. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Book Info
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Brandon/Hill Nursing List selection (#219.) Textbook presents what is needed to identify and apply the correct nursing diagnoses in six areas: adult, child, women's, psychiatric, gerontic, and home health. Includes flow charts, interventions, suggested target dates, clinical concerns, reminders, and more. Previous edition: c1997. Softcover.

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Free Nursing E-Book: Holistic Nursing

Product Details

»Book Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers (May, 2004)
»ISBN: 0763731838
»Book author: Barbara Montgomery Dossey, Lynn Keegan, Cathie E. Guzzetta
»Amazon Rating: 5.0

Book Description:
Holistic Nursing: A Handbook for Practice guides nurses in the art and science of holistic nursing and healing and offers ways of thinking, practicing, and responding both personally and professionally. It addresses our own self-healing so that we can offer new ways of healing to others and presents expanded strategies for enhancing our psychophysiology using self-assessments, relaxation, imagery, nutrition, exercise, and aromatherapy. It also assists nurses in their challenging roles of bringing healing to the forefront of health care and helping to shape health care reform.

Holistic Nursing: A Handbook for Practice maintains its infallible reputation as market leader in this extensively updated and expanded fourth edition. This wonderful new text covers all aspects of holistic nursing care along with special attention to the well-being of the care-giver.

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Free Nursing E-Book: Nursing Research: Principles and Methods (Nursing Research: Principles & Practice)

Product Details

»Book Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (01 June, 2003)
»ISBN: 0781737338
»Book author: Denise F. Polit, Cheryl Tatano Beck
»Amazon Rating: 4.5

Book Description:

This graduate level nursing research textbook continues the expansion of coverage on qualitative research, including important issues for specific qualitative traditions such as grounded theory, phenomenology and ethnography. Developing solid evidence for practice will be emphasized throughout the text, and important evaluative concepts like reliability, validity, and trustworthiness will be introduced. Other new features include stronger international content (with an emphasis on Canadian and Australian research), inclusion of “tips” in boxes located in appropriate places throughout the chapters, and the use of summary bullet points. This edition will now offer a free Connection Website, connection.LWW.com/go/polit.

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Free Nursing E-Book: Cardiac Nursing

Product Details

»Book Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (01 August, 2004)
»ISBN: 078174718X
»Book author: Susan L Woods, Erika Sivarajan Froelicher, Sandra Adams(Underhill) Motzer, Elizabeth Bridges
»Amazon Rating: 4.5

Book Description:

Now thoroughly updated with current, evidence-based material, Cardiac Nursing is recognized as “The Red Reference Book” for nurses caring for patients who have, or are at risk for developing, cardiac diseases. Organized within the framework of the nursing process, this comprehensive clinical reference provides complete information on the assessment, pathophysiology, management, and prevention of heart diseases and details the rationale and evidence for interventions.

This edition has seven brand-new chapters on inflammation, atherosclerosis, genetics, heart rate variability, complementary and alternative medicine, disease management models, and nuclear and other scans. Boxes of evidence-based content have been added within chapters where appropriate.

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Free Nursing E-Book: Anxiety Management in Adult Day Surgery: A Nursing Perspective

Product Details

»Book Publisher: Wiley (17 June, 2005)
»ISBN: 1861564635
»Book author: Mark Mitchell
»Amazon Rating:

Book Description:
The book is the first of its kind to specifically outline the psycho-educational nursing interventions required by the anxious, adult patient undergoing elective, ambulatory surgery. Anxiety management is a considerable issue for the majority of surgical patients and has been recognised as such for many decades. However, no formal nursing intervention currently exists to support patients during this acute phase.

This book is one of the first to provide strong evidence for the way in which patients can be assisted in the management of their anxiety. Moreover, it provides future direction for surgical nursing intervention in this new era of minimal invasive surgery where patients undergoing elective procedures increasingly require less physical nursing intervention and spend very little time within the acute hospital setting.

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